Cent-ed Whiffle Balls

Want to know how to make Cent-ed Whiffle Balls? Here are the ingredients:

1. Bookmark this picture at 101qs.com
2. Do coin estimation with your students.
3. Go to the bank and withdraw a few dollars worth of pennies.
4. Get some Gorilla Glue.
5. Take whiffle balls from your son's collection (source of whiffle balls may vary). 

Show your students the picture from Step 1. Do the estimation task from Step 2. Show them the following slide! 

*If you don't know yet, we covered surface area of spheres in Geometry this week.

We just completed Nathan Kraft's Soccer Ball 3 Act lesson which was spectacular for volume of a sphere! (Nathan, post act 2 and act 3 for everyone NOW!) The Cent-ed Whiffle Ball is a simple task. You know you have a keeper when you hear the following come out of students:

"This is fun!"

"This is stressful!" 

Students first started this task by using a tape measure to find the circumference of their whiffle ball. Thankfully, I've finally won them over on using centimeters. Shooosh! Don't tell those people who like inches. Students then used the circumference to find the radius of the whiffle ball. Well done, kiddos! Next, students either used a tape measure or ruler to get the circumference or diameter of a penny, respectively. Ultimately, they wanted the radius of the penny. Then they got stuck.

"Mr. Stadel, what's the surface area formula for a sphere?"

Sweet! They want it. They need it. They crave it. I didn't write it on the board or give it to them on a handout. Here's where I wish I had an additional hour with these kids to explore this formula. Instead, I had a demonstration ready for them. I took our Nerf basketball we use for Math Basketball Review. I told students that I measured the circumference of the ball in order to construct a circle that has the same circumference. Before class, I cut out a second congruent circle and cut it into eight congruent sectors. I then played this game with students:

Me: How many of these circles will it take to cover the entire ball?

Student 1: Three

Student 2: Four 

Student 3: Three and a half

Student 4: Five

Me: Let's find out!

I pinned the sectors onto the Nerf ball with thumbtacks, covering a fourth of the ball.

Student 2: I was right! It's four!

Student 5: Cool!

BOOM! We had our formula: 4 areas of a circle with the same circumference as the sphere. Simply put: 4πr^2. Most groups immediately found the surface area of the whiffle ball and penny, dividing the two to get something like 88 pennies. One group of girls immediately came up to me and asked for their pennies. Before giving students their pennies, I drilled each group, asking them to explain their number and show their work.

Me: Now girls, if we've learned anything in here this year, we know that our answer on paper isn't always the actual answer. Have you accounted for everything? Look at this picture again (from the ingredients). Did you account for everything?

Devon: There's spaces between the pennies. 

Me: Yup. Why don't you go back and mathematically show me a different number of pennies, now accounting for those spaces.

I had this conversation with each group, or some variation of it. This is where the magic begins. Remember, students were allowed a maximum of six pennies. Here's what they came up with. I'll let the pictures do the talking:

 

 Chris asked for a compass to draw a circle having the same circumference as the sphere.

Elle found the area of a rectangle formed by six pennies. She then subtracted the area of six pennies to get the area of the space created by six pennies. 

Noelle used a parallelogram of pennies to execute the same idea as Elle.

Groups started coming back with revised numbers. They quietly told me their amount. Remember, there's a CASH PRIZE on the line! Im still not sure what that is yet. Groups came in with the following amount of pennies to cover their whiffle ball:
70 pennies
65 pennies
69 pennies
62 pennies

Good luck to them all. They are almost done gluing their pennies. Two groups are done and the other two are close. Here's a few pics!

This group used 71 pennies versus a theoretical 69.

I highly suggest you make Cent-ed Whiffle Balls in class! If not, here are the dimensions:

Whiffle Ball circumference: 28 centimeters
Penny diameter: 1.9 centimeters

Cent-ed,
1050

P.S. Help me make this task better.

Amnesia

Gadzooks! You wake up tomorrow with amnesia!

Someone significant (spouse, child, significant other, neighbor, etc.) in your life informs you that you teach math. You get dropped off at your school (place of work) and are led to your classroom. Your principal can't find a substitute and your colleagues run to the photocopier to make you some busy-work handouts. You can't remember any mathematics and your students are 10 minutes away from entering your room, oblivious to all of this.

You look down and see this on your desk.

What do you do?

Cone-heads

Last week, my geometry class entered the room with the following directions waiting for them:

1. Fold your paper in half.
2. Put a point in the center of the paper on the fold.
3. Draw a circle (using a compass) with a 10 cm radius.
4. Cut out the circle.

*Toss the trash. Keep the scissors.

We had just completed Dan Meyer's Popcorn Picker the previous day and I promised the class I'd bring in popcorn for a job well done. My local store didn't have a bag of pre-popped popcorn so I bought a 10 oz. bag of Pirate's Booty instead. Oh darn, right? That stuff is insanely awesome. Stop reading this and go buy a bag if you've never dabbled in the addictive powers of Pirate's Booty. As the students are cutting out their circles, I say:

If you can make me a cone, I'll fill it with Pirate's Booty. All you need is a tiny piece of tape and I don't want any folding to form your cone. Figure it out.

Student 1: What size?

Me: Any size. 

Student 2: I'm not sure how to do this without folding it.

Sean: Use the scissors. He did tell us to keep the scissors. Cut the circle on the folded line.

Some quickly figured out how to cut the radius and overlap the paper to form a cone while others needed to see their peers do it. Most cones took on the form of your typical snow cone. However, Chase came up to me last and held out this slightly bent circle that barely resembled a cone. Sneaky, yet I was secretly hoping someone would do this. I admire his ingenuity for creating a cone that maximized his Pirate's Booty. We enjoyed our snack as we did our estimation task, flying from Boston, MA to Philadelphia, PA. After finishing our estimation task, I tossed this tub in front of the kids and said:

Don't get weirded out by this, but partner up with someone and measure each other's hat size in centimeters. In other words measure the circumference of their head and write all those numbers on the board. 

I started seeing numbers like 22, 24, 24, 22, 23, 25, 22, etc. being written on the board. I'm thinking, "You knuckleheads. I said centimeters."

Me: Ughh, guys? What are those numbers?

Students: Our circumferences.

Me: Measured in what?

Students: Inches.

Me: Did you not hear me say centimeters?

Students: Ohhhhh!

Me: That's fine. Leave it. Most of you are done.

Sean: But Chase and I just got done measuring in centimeters.

Me: You two rock! Go back and get quick measurements in inches and add them to the board.

We got our two last numbers and I wanted to tell them that based on their inability to measure in centimeters, we'll be making dunce caps instead. I wisely passed on that joke and told them:

Find the average (mean) class hat size. We're making cone (party) hats and we're going to be cone-heads. Go!

The class average ended up being 22.5 inches. I held up my two hands and told the class I wanted the cones to be about "so" high. I measured the "so" length of my hands to be about 9 inches.

Me: How much paper will we need to be cone-heads?

I wish I could tell you that my students worked diligently and strategically to figure this task out without any hiccups, hurdles, roadblocks, or challenges. I'd be lying. They struggled. The closest anyone came was Chase who asked if we could use the Pythagorean theorem. Like you need my permission, Chase? Ha! This felt very similar to Fawn's recent post When I Got Them To Beg. They needed some strong guidance. As Fawn would say, "They beg. I win."
I'll give you a nutshell walkthrough of the activity:

1. Use the average circumference of the class' head size to find the radius of the cone-head hat.
2. Use the radius (3.58 in.), desired height (9 inches) and the Pythagorean theorem to find the lateral height. 
3. This lateral height (9.69 in.) is also the radius of the circle we need to cut out, but we don't need the entire circle to make one cone. We only need a portion of it and we're not going to overlap the paper like the cones we made for our Pirate's Booty.
4. Therefore, we need to figure out the lateral area of the cone. We use πrl or π(3.58)(9.69) and come up with an area of 108.94 square inches. 
5. We need 108.94 square inches of paper from the circle that has a radius of 9.69 in. and we figure out the total area of said circle to be 294.98 square inches.

This is where I really challenged the students to finish this. What do I do with all these numbers?  

Devon: We could divide the two areas so we know what percentage of the [9.69 in. radius] circle we need.

Me: Go for it!

We get 37%.

Me: Now what? How does this help us figure out what to cut? I don't need the entire circle. What do we do?

Sean: We can figure out what 37% of 360 is and create that angle within the circle.

Me: 360 what? Where'd you get that?

Sean: Well, there's 360 degrees in a circle and 37% of it will tell us what angle we need to make.

Me: Go for it! 

Student: (blurts out) 133! 133 degrees.

Me: Okay. What does that mean?

Nick: We need to make an angle of 133 degrees in the circle with the radius of 9.7 inches and cut it out.

Me: Okay. How many cone-heads can we get from one circle?

Brace yourself. This is one of those moments when students blurt out answers before thinking:
ONE!
THREE!
TWO!
NO WAIT, TWO!
YEA RIGHT, TWO!

The math is done. Now we start cutting. Here are the kids in action and our stockpile of cone-heads.

As a bonus, I had some ribbon lying around so students made chinstraps since some of their head circumferences were beyond the class average. Someone suggested we use rubber bands for the chinstraps so they could be just like party hats.

Me: Are you kidding? Do you remember who's in this class? You think it's a good idea to give some of these guys rubber bands?

Let me tell you, those cone-heads looked awesome! I told them they could wear them for the rest of the day. I'd send an email to their teachers explaining our learning and that students are expected to respect the wishes of their teachers. If other teachers want them to take the hats off in class, they better follow directions. Furthermore, if any foul play happens, their cone-head is to be confiscated and I issue an automatic detention. We didn't have any problems. Now, go make some cones!

Cone-head,
1014

*BTW: Don't use white paper!!!