Principles to Actions Book Club [phases]

Inspired by Kaneka Turner's #ShadowCon16 talk, I decided to form a Principles to Actions book club during the summer of 2016. Sorry, the club will be comprised of teachers in my district. I'm excited at how it is shaping up in the past week. I broke it into three planning phases before we actually start reading NCTM's Principles to Actions. I recommend you start your own. Here's why:

Phase 1:
I created a goal for the book club (inspired straight from Principles to Actions):

Collaborate with other TUSD teachers to strengthen our math teaching practice and improve the learning of mathematics by engaging students in mathematical thinking, reasoning, and sense making.

I reached out to a small group of (K-12) math teachers and coaches in my district to generate interest.
10 teachers replied with interest. We're ready for Phase 2.

Phase 2:
I will tap into the wisdom of these 10 teachers to help structure:

• HOW we will accomplish our goal.
• WHAT tools we will use to accomplish our goal.

I'm confident these 10 teachers will help structure how we discuss the book, how much time we spend as a book club, how we will collaborate (virtually or in person), etc. I also know these teachers will help suggest what tools we might use to help assist in the virtual collaboration. For example, Google Docs, Google Classroom, Padlet, etc. 

I asked them for input via Google Forms. Here are the questions I asked.

Once I hear back from this small group, I will move forward in structuring the PtA book club along with setting up the digital tools and spaces that make the most sense. Phase 3 is next...

Phase 3:

I plan to do a district-wide invite to the Principles to Actions book club so anyone who teaches math is invited. More importantly, I am counting on the small group of 10 teachers to reach out to other colleagues at their site and throughout the district to personally invite teachers to the Principles to Actions book club. I'm confident their reach and influence will make the collaboration more meaningful and fun for all invloved.

I've never done something like this before, but I'm excited because I am confident in the 10 teachers who have already expressed interest. I encourage you to find something mathy you can invite others to be a part in. Maybe it's a Principles to Actions book club. 

Please let me know if you have any questions or tips!

PtA,

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2016 #NCTMannual reflection: Purpose

There is a lot to process from NCTM 2016. Being a contributor for the Global Math Department this week, I decided to feature snippets on the blog here in order to kill two birds with one stone.

I found it useful to connect all the NCTM goodness with a theme: PURPOSE.

• Marilyn Burns (@mburnsmath)
Be purposeful about what we want our students to do. I loved this slide, connecting reading and math:

• Christopher Danielson (@Trianglemancsd):
Be purposeful with knowing the ability of students. Christopher said,
"Students can. We should let them."
This idea lends itself to students discovering properties in math. Often, when things get discovered in math, they are named after the discoverer. Why don't we do this more with students?"
Goods here.

• Elham Kazemi (@ekazemi):
Be purposeful with a school/department/grade having a shared vision of quality math instruction. Create a structure at your school to learn together. We went on to explore numberless word problems where the purpose is to help students make better sense of the context before applying the numbers. She shared this post by Brian Bushart.

• Carl Oliver (@carloliwitter):
Be purposeful with the space you provide students to explore mathematical ideas. Be purposeful with selecting the task.
Goods here.

• IGNITE talks:
Max Ray (@maxmathforum):
Be purposeful with the resources, tasks, activities, and ideas you pull from the internet. Be purposeful with the coherency in your teaching. Do the resources, tasks, activities, and ideas you pull from the internet add to the coherency of the mathematics you teach?

Jennifer Wilson (@jwilson828):
Be purposeful with the time you allow students to solve math. It's not like fast food, it's like slow food. Enjoy the math students can do when we make it a purpose to do #slowmath.

• ShadowCon16
Kaneka Turner (@KanekaTurner)
Be purposeful in making math a social experience by inviting others into this awesome experience. Kaneka shared the importance of being invited. Call to action: invite at least one person to be part of the math experience.

Robert Kaplinsky (@robertkaplinsky):
The purpose of empowering others through influence can have huge positive results. Robert shared a couple of personal parts on his life and how influential people throughout his life have helped shape who he is today. Call to action: your your power to influence and empower others.

Graham Fletcher (@gfletchy):
Be purposeful in knowing what/how you teach by understanding the standards. Be a better story-teller in your classroom by accurately knowing the standards. Call to action: find out more about a standard you teach.

• Brian Shay (@MrBrianShay):
Be purposeful with polynomials and probability. Brian had us working on using spinners and coins to add meaning to multiplying polynomials.
Goods here.

• Peg Smith:
Be purposeful in framing the task so it "invites everyone in." Furthermore, ask purposeful questions when working with students during problem-solving tasks. Lastly, it's critical for the teacher to explain the goals because it's hard to have a conversation if it's unclear what you're trying to accomplish.
***Let's invite Peg to the #MTBoS and Twitter.

• Andrew Stadel (@mr_stadel):
Be purposeful in the feedback we give students after they make mistakes. Thanks to Robert Berry and Dylan Wiliam, I shared with teachers the importance of providing feedback that benefits students and at the same time challenging them to take traditional feedback and rework it so it's better at moving the learning forward.

• Christina Tondevold (@BuildMathMinds):
Be purposeful in working toward the terminology in the standards, specifically "fluently" and "using strategies" in the K-5 standards. We looked at examples of subitizing, cardinality, and strategies like making ten, double-plus-one, finding fives. We need to be purposeful in students making sense of math for themselves.

• Jason Zimba
Be purposeful in decluttering what we teach, what we ask of students, and what we give to students. Something he got me thinking about: do we Math 8 teachers need to teach the "elimination" process when solving linear systems. Does the procedure support the conceptual understanding? and can we allow high school teachers to teach it while Math 8 teachers focus on graphing and substitution?

I hope to see you at NCTM 2017 in San Antonio.
Send in a speaker proposal here by May 1, 2016.

San Fransisco,
2016

How Do You Like Your Bacon (Math Modeling)?

During the past few weeks I've had the pleasure to work with and learn from teachers in various places in the country, facilitating district/school workshop trainings as they prepare for their school year. Part of our time together was working on problem-solving tasks and breaking down Mathematical Practice 4: Model with Mathematics. At some point, either before lunch or in the afternoon, I tossed up this Estimation 180 challenge and asked:

How long to cook the bacon, starting with a cold skillet?

I love this estimation challenge because it showcases many parts of the modeling process, especially the two following parts:

• Identifying variables
• Formulating a model

Here's why. Teachers instantly start asking questions like:

• How do you like your bacon?
• Crispy, charcoal, or like beef jerky?
• What type of bacon is it?
• Turkey bacon or real bacon?
• Is it thick cut or the other stuff?
• Is the bacon room temperature, cold, or frozen?
• Is it cooked on a gas or electric stove?
• How hot is the flame?
• What is the percent decrease in size of one strip of bacon?

Teachers are identifying variables and asking for information that matters to them in order to formulate a model. I love it. I have also done this Estimation 180 challenge with students before and they have asked many of these same questions too. I love it.

I had a great conversation with Joe Schwartz and others at TMC15 about state tests lacking what the modeling process demands: asking questions. Why do the SBAC and PARCC tests not have students simply ask questions about scenarios? If we're asking students to identify variables and ask/search for information necessary to formulate a model and solve a problem, why don't tests place more of a focus on this? What if we presented students with scenarios a la the Math Forum and simply have students first submit mathematical questions that could be solved. What if we then followed it up with giving students a list of three to four questions they could solve and they pick one?

Another great conversation I had with Nathan Kraft and others at TMC15 was the idea that direct instruction can have a negative connotation in the MTBoS. A similar notion is that the instructional strategy "I do, we do, you do." also has a negative connotation. With problem-solving and mathematical modeling, direct instruction is not the focus. The focus is conceptual understanding. From my experience, I've learned that timing and placement of direct instruction is what matters. I've been catching up on reading NCTM's Principles to Actions and I highly recommend it to anyone; teachers, coaches, parents, administrators, students, and more. It's about 100 pages. Get on it! I think it paints a pretty clear picture why, how, and when conceptual understanding should take place in relationship to procedural fluency.

Principles to Actions really does a great job driving the point home that procedural fluency is important. However, procedural fluency won't stick nor have significant meaning if the students lack the conceptual understanding first. When I'm done with Principles to Actions and have had a chance to let it simmer in my brain, I plan to blog more about it. I also need to explore the Principles to Actions Professional Learning Toolkit.

Last, and certainly not least is literacy. I'm glad that one teacher at a recent workshop voiced her concern about teaching literacy in math and that the use of multimedia in a 3-Act task or an Estimation 180 challenge really doesn't strengthen literacy. I agree.

Trust me, I'm all about building literacy. However, the more I teach and work with teachers, the more I believe in the importance of making the conceptual understanding accessible first as a means to transitioning to procedural fluency and strengthening literacy by scaffolding. If I don't make the conceptual understanding accessible to my students, than I'm not scaffolding both the mathematical procedural fluency and literacy.

That said, I tried to imagine what Day 185's bacon estimation challenge might look like. I still love the visual and simple question and would still start with the current setup as the introduction to the task. Once students and teachers voice their questions, Act 2 information might be presented in text. Here's what I came up with (I know it could be better):

I have 20 minutes to prepare and eat breakfast before leaving for work. I need to cook 12 pieces of bacon for my family and the skillet only holds 6 pieces at a time. We like our bacon crispy, but not like charcoal. The gas stove will be at a medium to high heat. The first batch of bacon starts to sizzle one and a half minutes after I put the skillet on the lit stove. Five and a half minutes after the bacon starts to sizzle, it is about 65% cooked. Will I have enough time to cook all 12 pieces of bacon?

I'm not sure this blog post brings much closure. However, it has brought a greater focus for me as I prepare for the school year. I am more focused on

• students asking questions
• students building conceptual understanding first
• teachers making conceptual understanding more accessible (as much as possible) 
• teachers scaffolding their classroom activities and direct instruction to strengthen procedural fluency by building upon conceptual understanding

Does this sound reasonable?

How do you like your bacon?

Let me know. I'm on my way to finishing Principles to Actions.

Bacon,

219

Should We Use the Term "pace" More?

I'm preparing to be one of the presenters at a 3-day NCTM Deep Dive Institute in July. Hope you can make it. Fawn will be presenting too.

I've come across some great tasks from NCTM, thanks to Peg Cagle (that's C-A-G-L-E everyone) that I've adapted to have a much lower entry point for teachers and students. However, I'm also looking to mix in some favorite Estimation 180 challenges and 3 Acts like Fast Clapper from Nathan.

Fast Clapper Act 1 from Nathan Kraft on Vimeo.

I really dig this task. At first glance though, it looks pretty straightforward. Act 2 could look as simple as showing students a screenshot like this:

Then tell students to use this ratio to predict how many claps this dude will complete in a minute. We could call it a day, but what fun would that be?

Here's what I think should precede any screenshot from the Act 1 video. Have students get out their cell phones and partner up. Record their partner clapping for various increments that are less than 30 seconds. For example: 0, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, etc. Keep track of it in a table...
Then see who is the fastest clapper in the class and if they can break the record. Talk about what might prevent the students or dude in the video from breaking the record.

Here's an additional place I'd like to take Act 2. Talk about the term "pace". I really like this question I'll be using from now on with students and teachers:

How often should we check to see if he is on pace to break the record?

I think this question opens up the mathematics, especially for a table of equivalent ratios and double number lines. Forget equations (proportions) here. Furthermore, it reminds me of the pace timers that you sometimes see on television during the Olympics.

Talking about the word pace, is this the same thing as rate...?
I'd really love to hear from you about the term "pace".

• How often do you use the word pace in math class?
• What context do you use the word pace?
• Are terms like rate or slope synonyms to pace?
• Tell me everything you know about pace or how you use pace in your class?

Seriously, I want to know. Teach me!

Pace yourself,

312

The Ultimate Task for Vertical Planning: Stacking Cups

This past week, I submitted a speaker proposal for NCTM 2016 in San Fransisco. The proposal is for a Grade 6-8 Burst (30 minutes) with the exact same title as this blog post: The Ultimate Task for Vertical Planning: Stacking Cups. I figure if I don't get accepted, at least I can share my thoughts here and you all can help spread the word about my idea if you think it has potential. If it does get accepted, I look forward to giving an update a year from now at NCTM. Here's my session description:

Who says you can't use the same task each year? Come see why Stacking Cups might be the single best secondary math task to get teachers at your school, district, or state to see the importance and necessity of vertical planning. Use tasks that utilize connections from the previous year and extend the mathematics each year. Work smarter, not harder. 

Let's first back up a bit. I attended Alex Overwijk's session at NCTM Boston a few weeks back. I had already read his awesome blog post "Open Strategy Cup Stacking" and knew there are multiple teaching moments with Stacking Cups. I remember teaching Math 8 a few years ago and getting a lot of use out of Stacking Cups as you can see a couple times here and here. I was preparing for a training with math teachers from grades 6-12 and THAT's when it hit me: I could have a room full of math teachers from grades six through twelve and they all could:

• be working on this task
• see the different skills and tools necessary for solving
• know the expectation of each grade level

I've heard comments from teachers numerous times like, 

"Well, if they do File Cabinet in 6th grade, I can't do it in 7th grade with my students."

"If they've done Stacking Cups in Math 8, then I can't do it in Algebra."

"If the 5th grade teachers use Estimation 180 with students, then I can't." 

YES! YOU CAN! It's called vertical planning.

YES, YOU CAN! Instead, let's ask different questions like, "How can we use the same task to extend the mathematics each year?" and  "How can we make connections to prior learning from the previous grade level?"

Let's work smarter, not harder.

I will spend the rest of this blog post highlighting each grade level and suggested uses for Stacking Cups. It won't be complete or the final version as this is through the lens of one person. I'm confident, with your help and critique, we can make it even better.

Math 6
Question: How many cups do we need to stack (alternating) to reach someone's height?
We talk about rate. We organize our information on a number line, in a table, using a tape diagram, etc. We explore the rates using various models.

Math 7
Question 1: How many cups do we need to stack (alternating) to reach someone's height?
We continue the conversation started in Math 6 revolving around rates, using constant of proportionality. All of this can be represented in a table, as an equation, and in a coordinate plane.

Question 2: How many cups do we need to stack (consecutively) to reach someone's height?
We now shift our thinking a bit where there is still a constant increase with each cup, but there is an initial amount (the cup handle). Students explore how to write an equation to represent this situation and solve it.

Question 3: What would be possible dimensions of a box that would contain the cups to stack to someone's height? Which dimensions would be the most cost effective?
Imagine students understanding surface area and volume and how they're related to each other, especially if we model with mathematics, by identifying variables such as:

• cardboard cost
• delivery truck capacity 
• store storage sizes
• consumer trends with buying cups
• more

Math 8
Question 1: How many cups do we need to stack (consecutively) to reach someone's height?
Similar to question 2 in Math 7. However, we extend the mathematical understanding as we explore constant rate of change (slope), input and output, linear, and how our situation can be represented in the form y = mx + b.

Question 2: When will two stacks of different sized cups be equal in height and have the same number of cups in each stack?
We introduce students to linear systems using this task. Students can organize the information about each cup in a table. We can extend prior knowledge to represent the situation using graphs, equations, and functions.

*By the end of Math 8, it might be helpful to mention (at least informally) to students the significance of discrete functions.

Algebra
We tighten up the math (both questions) previously learned in Math 8. How can we extend the mathematics. Add more challenging situations like the stacks start on different objects like desks, boxes, etc.
Question 3: How many cups would we need to stack in a triangular formation to someone's height?
This questions really extends the mathematics for students, but we can still use the tools they've learned from previous grades. Maybe students start by organizing the data in a table. Maybe they graph the data and notice it isn't linear. Maybe we can use desmos with sliders or a line of regression to explore quadratics.

Beyond Algebra and Geometry:
I'll admit this is where I'm a little rusty and would need you high school pros to jump in and contribute. I think with the triangle stacking, it can be taken from quadratic to a divergent series. I've also seen high school teachers come up with the following representations:

Al Overwijk also stacked cups in a triangular pyramid which is awesome.

Let's keep this vertical planning going. If you would like a couple charges, here you go:

Go to your site and/or district and push for Stacking Cups to be a signature task at all sites and secondary grade levels. Help support your colleagues with vertical planning. Report back.

Look for other tasks out there like Robert Kaplinsky's Hot Dogs or Dan Meyer's Penny Circle or Mathalicious' Wheel of Fortune or Graham Fletcher's Water Boy that can be used with vertical planning. Report back.

Vertical,
432